INTERVIEW QUESTION AND ANSWERS

What is the Difference between Win NT and Win 2000?
Ans:

Win NT Win 2000
No concept of Active directory Concept of Active directory
PDC,BDC--(read only copy) DC,ADC--(read ,write copy)
Database stored in SAM(fixed size-40 MB) Database stored in NTDS.DIT(Not fixed)
Not supported RIS Supported RIS

What is the Difference between Win 2000 and Win 2003?
Ans:

Win 2000 Win 2003
Can’t rename the Domain Can rename the Domain
No authorization with DHCP Authorization with DHCP
Can’t create new domain tree in existing forest Can create new domain tree in existing forest


What are the versions in Win 2000?

Ans: win 2000 server and win adv 2000 server and win 2000 Data center server.
What are the versions in Win 2003?

Ans: standard version and enterprise version and web version and data center server
How much RAM, Processor supported by Win 2000 versions?
Ans: 2000Server: 4GBRAM, 4 Processors, 2000Advanced server: 8GB RAM, 8 Processors, data center server: 64 GB RAM, 32 Processors
How much RAM, Processors supported by Win 2003 versions?
Ans: standard – 4Gb , Web- 2 Gb,2 Proce, Enterprise-32 Gb,8 Processors, Data Center – 64 Gb, 32 processors
What is the diff between win 2000server and Advanced server?
Ans: Network load balancing and clustering
Can I rename the win 2003 DC?
Ans: If you have a Windows 2003 DC, you can use the Netdom tool to rename the DC. The Netdom provides a secure and supported methodology to rename one or more domains. You can find the tool from the Windows 2003 installation CD-ROM
What is Privilege mode?
Ans: A protected Memory Space Allocated for the win 2000 kernel that cannot be directly accessed by software applications.
9) In win2000, what is the partition Size, File Size in FAT 16?
Ans: 4 GB partition size and 2 GB File Size.
10) In win2000, what is the partition Size, File Size in FAT 32?
Ans: 2 GB to 2 TB partition size and 4GB file Size
11) In win2000, what is the Partition Size, File Size in NTFS?
Ans: 2 TB Partition size, File size is theoretically 16 Exabytes.
12)what is the difference between FAT and NTFS?
Ans:FAT does not support Data compression and encryption
13) what is the difference between win98 and Windows XP?

Supports Fat16 and Fat32 Supports Fat16 and Fat32,NTFS
No disk quotas Disk quotas
Only Disk compression Supports Data compression and encryption
No remote assistance and remote desktop remote assistance and remote desktop
14)What is System restore?
15)What is the difference between Basic Disk and dynamic Disk?
16)Can you convert dynamic to basic?
17)What is the difference between system restore and last known configuration?
18)What is the difference between remote assistance and remote desktop?
19)What is the difference between IP4.0 and IP 6.0?
20)what is the difference between router and switch?
21)what is the difference between switch and hub?
22) Hub works in which layer?
23) switch works in which Layer?
24) router works in which Layer?
25) Describe all layers?
26)what is the port numbers of FTP,SMTP,Telnet,SMTP,DNS,DHCP,POP3,TFTP,SNTP?

PROFILES
1) What is profile?
Ans: Windows maintains a group of settings for each individual user that logs into he system. This group setting is known as a user ‘profile’.
2) Where are the documents and settings for the roaming profile stored?
Ans: All the documents and environmental settings for the roaming user are stored locally on the system, and, when the user logs off, all changes to the locally stored profile are copied to the shared server folder. Therefore, the first time a roaming user logs on to a new system the logon process may take some time, depending on how large his profile folder is.
3) What is Roaming and Mandatory profile?
Ans: Roaming user profile: A user profile that is copied to a network server so that it can be downloaded each workstation where the user logon
Mandatory profile: A user profile set up by the server administrator that is loaded from the server to the client each times the user logon. Changes that user makes to the profile are not saved
Active directory:
1) What is the organizational unit?
Ans: OU are additional container objects that can store users, computers, groups&other OU’s.
2) What is the use of organizational unit?
Ans: Uses:
1) To control replication traffic
2) To make authentication faster and more efficient.
3) To locate the nearest server providing directory enabled services


3) What is the active directory?
Ans: Active directory is a centralized hierarchical directory database and it’s a directory service which contains information of all user accounts and shared resources on a network.
4) What are the main roles in active directory?
Ans: FSOM stands for flexible Single operation Master
:1)Domain naming master
2)Schema master
3)PDC Emulator
4) RID master
5)Infrastructure master
5) What is the location & file system type where the active directory
Information is installed?
Ans: On NTFS partition, c:\windows\ntds.dit&c:\windows\sysvolv.
6) For the replication between DC&ADC some file are used, what is the location of that Directory?
Ans: c:\windows\sysvolv.
7)What is Kerberos?
Ans: this protocol is an internet standard authentication protocol that provides a higher level of security. More efficient than windows NT LAN Manager
8)What is Win NT LAN Manager (NTLM)?
Ans: This protocol enables users of win95 and win98 and Win NT client’s computers to be authenticated to win 2000 domains. This protocol is only available when win 2000 Active Directory is configured to operate in mixed-mode
9) Which protocol plays the security role for the authentication in 2000&2003?
Ans: KEREBROS
10) What is version of kerebros in 2003 o/s?
Ans: KEREBROS v 5.5
11) What is the protocol used by the active directory to perform it’s function?
Ans: LDAP: Lightweight directory access protocol base on TCP/IP.
12) What is the command, which display the DC? Adc, Member server?
Ans: Net accounts.
13) What is the command to make a server into domain controller in win 2000&2003?
Ans: DCPROMO
14) what is the type of backup is used to take the active directory?
Ans: system state data backup.
15) What command line utility is used on windows 2000 servers domain controllers before they upgrade to plan win2003 domain controllers?
Ans:
1) adprep /forest prep.
(This command must be issued on win 2000server holding schema master role in forest root domain to prepare existing schema to support win2003AD.)
2)adprep /domain prep
(Infrastructure master to be deployed on win 2003 server
Note: adprep tool on win 2003 CD ROM i386 directory


POLICIES :

1) What is group policy?
Ans:
2) Is Win NT supports Group policy?
Ans: NO, Supports only system Policy.
3) What is system policy?
4) What is difference between system policy and group policy?
5) What is policy order?
Ans: Local Group Policy-Site level Policy-Domain level policy-Organizational level policy
6) Will group policy applicable for win 98,win 95 and winNt workstation?
Ans: No, Only applicable for system policy
7) In Win NT, where policies are stored?
Ans: NTCONFIG.POL
8) Suppose your sever is win 2000 and clients are win98and win95 which policy applicable? And where it is stored?
Ans: System policy and policies stored in CONFIG.POL
9) In win 2000, After Assigning policies, which command is to update policies?
Ans: Secedit /refresh policy user-policy/ enforce
Secedit /refresh policy machine-policy/ enforce

10) In win 2003, After Assigning policies, which command is to update policies?
Ans: GPUPDATE
11)what is the order in which group policy is applied?
Ans: Local—Site Level—Domain Level---Organizational Unit

BACKUP:

1)what is user data?
2)what is system state data?
3)what are three primary tasks you can perform using backup?
4)what is emergency repair disk?
5)who can take backup?
6)what are the 2 types of restore you can perform on active directory?
Ans: Authoritative,Non- Authoritative.
7)list 3 win2k tools use to recover a system failure?
8)what is the tool used to create ERD ?
Ans: Backup programme.
9)which type of backup reduce the time In order to take backup daily?
Ans: Incremental backup will take least amount of time.
10)which win2k tool is used to restore of user, data on a DC?
Ans: Backup.
11)what is the command used to add recovery console to the boot loader menu?
Ans: Winnt32 /cmdcons.
12) what is command is used to perform authoritative restore before booting?
Ans: ntdsutil
Authoritative restore
Restore data base
Restore sub tree
13)what is the type of mode in which you try to restore system state data or active directory data base?
Ans: Directory Services restore mode.
14) what is the extension used for a backup file?
Ans: .bkf
15)Name 5 standard types of backups?
Ans: Normal, daily, incremental, differential, copy.
16)Is it possible to backup & restore data on network drive?
Ans: Yes , it is possible.
17)Is it possible to restore system state data on networked pc’s?
Ans: No , It is not possible.
18)what is non authoritative ?
Ans:
19)what is normal backup?
Ans: It is full and complete backup used to backup all selected files and folders. It removes the archive bit form backed up files and folders.
20)what is copy backup?
Ans: A copy backup backs up all selected files and folders .but it does not affect remove or otherwise affect the archive bit.
21) What is incremental?
Ans: It is used to backup all selected files and folders that have changed since last normal backup or incremental backup. It removes archive bit from the backed up file and folders.
It is not cumulative. It takes less time to backup .multiple backup sets are required at the time of restore.
22) What is differential backup?
Ans: It backups all selected files and folders that have changed since last normal backup.
It does not remove the archive bit. It is commulative backup. It takes much time to backup. last backup set is used to restore
23) What is daily backup?
Ans: A daily backup backups all selected files and folders that have changed during the day the back is made.
24) Back utility advanced mode features?
Ans: 1) Backup wizard
2) Restore wizard
3) ERD
25)Backup Wizard
Backup every thing.
Backup selected files, drives.
Only backup system state data.
26) What is non authoritative?
Tape drives & Models
HP DDS3 Dat Tape drive HP DDS3 Dat Tape drive
Model C1537 Model C1537E
SCSI Internal 50 Pin SCSI External 50 Pin
Capacity 12/24 GB Capacity 12/24 GB




Print Management & Administration
1) What is a printer in win2k terminology?
Ans: it is the software interface between win 2k o/s & the device that produces the printer output.
2) Which win2k printing term is defined as a printer that has multiple ports and multiple print devices assigned to it?
Ans: printer Pool
3) Name 3 printer permissions?
Ans: Print, Manage Documents, Manage printers
4) What is EMF?
5) Print Process:
Ans: User starts print process
Using an application ex (Ms word)
Print job (Data & commands to print a document)
Graphical user Interface
Request to drivers
Driver converts file in to EMF or RAW
Backs again into GDI
Win 2k spooler
Determines local or network
Local printer provider Network
Print processor Network local
Print monitor HDD spooler
Communicates Directly to print device Print Processor
Print monitor
Print device
6) What is print spooler?
Ans: printer spooler is a temporary storage area for print jobs waiting to be sent to a print device. Systemroot\system32\spool\printers
7) Who can add printers and manage printer?
Ans: administrators or power users (built in)
8) Adding printer on a remote computer
Ans: start windows explorer>click my network places>entire network>domain or work group>select computer>highlight printer folder> double click printer folder.
9) Adding printers to printer pool
Ans: ports 1) lpt1 2) lpt2 3) lpt3 Enable printer pooling
10) Printer properities
Ans: 99 highest for managers
1 lowest for employees
Note: if managers and employees send print jobs to same print device you can set priorities
11) Print permissions are
Print: send only print jobs to printer
Manage Documents: resume and restart and delete print jobs.
Manage printers: perform all tasks also share printers can change spooler settings and can assign printer permissions.
12)What is a printer?
Ans: printer is software which acts as a interface between the print device and the operating system.
13)What is print device?
Ans: print device is a hardware component which is attached to the system to the print documents.
14)What is local print device?
Ans: print device which is attached to the local system.
15)What is network print device?
Ans:print device which is there in the network.
16) What is print server?
Ans:The computer responsible for managing the print queues for group of printers.
17) What is print queue?
Ans: The collection of print jobs waiting to be printed by a specific printer.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) port: 67
1)What is DHCP?
Ans: DHCP is a TCP/IP protocol that provides that provides way to dynamically allocated IP address to computers on the network.
2)Advantages of DHCP?
Ans: Centrally manages IP address allocation
Helps prevent address conflicts
Reduces administrative effort
Help converse IP addresses
3)What is SCOPE?
Ans: It is range of IP Address which is assigned to computers requesting for a Dynamic IP Address.
4)What is authorization?
Ans: It is Security precaution that ensures that only authorized DHCP Servers Can run in the network..
To avoid computers running illegal DHCP Servers in the network.
5) We’ve installed a new Windows-based DHCP server, however, the users do not seem to be getting DHCP leases off of it.
Ans: The server must be authorized first with the Active Directory.
6)How can you force the client to give up the dhcp lease if you have access to the client PC?
Ans: ipconfig /release
7)Cannot find DHCP Server
Ans: Cause: DHCP service is stopped or disable.
8)How to restore or move a DHCP into another computer
Ans:The DHCP database is contained in the Dhcp.mdb file located in the %SystemRoot%\System32\Dhcp folder. The DHCP server uses this file to record and store information concerning active leases and reservations. After you install a new DHCP, you can copy Dhcp.mdb into the above mentioned location.


9) Describe how the DHCP lease is obtained. It’s a four-step process consisting of
Ans(a) IP request, (b) IP offer, © IP selection and (d) acknowledgement.
10) What is super scope?
Ans: the super scope is assigned a range of IP addresses that can be assigned to DHCP clients that reside on multiple subnets.
11) What is multicast scope?
Ans: the multicast scope contains a range of classD multicast IP address ,and is used to assign these addresses to client computers that request them.
12) What is difference between scope and super scope?
Ans: A scope is assigned a range of IP address that can be assigned to DHCP clients that reside on a single subnet. Where the super scope is assigned a range of IP addresses that can be assigned to DHCP clients that reside on multiple subnets.
13) What is BOOTP?
14) What is range of multicast scope?
Ans: Only IP address range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
DNS (Domain Naming Service) port -53
What is the difference between WINS and DNS?
Ans: WINS resolves NETBIOS Names to IP address where DNS resolves Host names to IP address
1)List the types of DNS servers?
Ans: Standard primary, standard secondary, active directory integrated zone, root
4)what is the primary purpose of DNS?
Ans: For host resolution.
5) what is start of authority?
Ans: It contains serial no. , this indicates the modification done to the zone.
6)what is Dynamic DNS?
Ans: Dynamically update the service records
7)what is the maximum character size of DNS?
Ans:63
What is the maximum character size of WINS?
9)what is zone or zone file?
Ans: A zone is a Database for either a DNS domain or for a DNS domain and one or more of it’s Sub domains. This storage database is special text file called zone or zone file.
11)why multiple DNS services are created for the same zone?
Ans: load balancing, fault tolerance.
12)what is caching only server?
Ans: Caching only servers does not stores only zones.it resolves host names
To IP address for client computers and stores the resulting mapping information in it’s cache. this DNS server provides the cached information to the client computer with contacting other DNS servers to resolve the query.
It is the temporary storage of zone information.
13)what is zone transfer?
Ans: The process of copying zone to a standard DNS server is called zone transfer.
14)what is master DNS server?
Ans: As the DNS contains the master copy of the zone information is called Master DNS.
15)what is forwarders?
Ans: The queries of one server will be forwarded to other DNS act as forwarder by internal name resolution.
17)which protocol is supported by DNS server?
Ans: Dynamic Updated protocol.
18)what are four service records?
Ans: _msdcs,_sites,_tcp,_udp
19) what are six service records in win 2003?
Ans: -msdcs: (Microsoft Domain controller service)
It contains the information which domain controller is hosting the zone.
Site: In which site the zone has been configured.
Tcp& Udp: These are two protocols that are responsible for communicating with active directory.
Domain DNS Zones & Forest DNS Zones:
In which domain & Forest, DNS has be configured the information.
19) What is Resource record?
Ans: The entries are in zone is called Resource record. The entry may be host name IP address mapping entry.
20) What is the primary thing you have to do on a DNS server before it starts resolution of host name?
21) When will you configure root DNS server?
Ans: : A root server should be used only when a network is not connected to the internet or when a network is connected to the internet or when a network is connected to the internet by using a proxy server
22)what is forward lookup zone?
Ans:Resolves hostnames to ip address.
23)what is reverse look up zone?
Ans: Resolves ip address to hostnames.
24)what is standard primary zone?
Ans: Standard primary DNS server stores DNS entries(IP address to host mapping and other DNS resource records ) in zone file that is maintained on the server. The primary server maintains the master copy of zone file. When changes need to be the zone they should be made only standard primary server.
25)what is standard secondary zone?
Ans: Standard secondary DNS server stores copies of zones from the standard primary.
26) what is root server?
Ans:Root server contains a copy of a zone for the root domain – either the root domain for the internet, or the root domain for a company private, internal network. the purpose of the root server is to enable other DNS servers on a network to access the second level domains on the internet.
Note: A root server should be used only when a network is not connected to the internet or when a network is connected to the internet or when a network is connected to the internet by using a proxy server
27)what is round robin?
Ans: Round robin is used when multiple servers (such as web servers) have identical configurations and identical host names ,but different IP addresses.
28) can you configure root server to use a forwarder?
Ans: NO.
29)what are Root hints?
Ans:Root hints are server names and ip address combination that point to the root servers located either on the internet or on your organization private network.
Root hint tab contains list of DNS Servers can contract to resolve client DNS queries.
Maintains all the information of 13 root servers.
32)what is Active Directory integrated zone?
Ans: Active directory integrated DNS server just like standard primary except DNS entries stored in active directory data store rather than in a zone file. Active directory supports multi master replication when changes need to be made to the zone. They can be on any active directory –integrated DNS server that containg the zone.
33)what is simple query?
Ans: A simple query is a query that DNS server can resolve without contacting any other DNS servers.
34) what is recursive query?
Ans: a recursive is a query that can’t resolve it self it must be contract one or more additional DNS servers to resolve the query.
35) what is scavenging?
Ans: Scavenging is the process of searching for and Deletes stele resource records in a zone
PTR: Pointer resource record
SRV: Service locator resource record

36)What is SRV?
Ans: Used to map specific service (tcp/ip) to list of servers that provide that service.
37) What is CNAME?
Ans: Alias resource record .used to map an additional host name to the actual name of the host.
38) What is stub zone in 2003?
Ans: stub zone contains the information of Name Server & start of authority. It gives the information in which system, in which server, in which domain DNS has been configured
The properties of DNS in Advanced Tab
(Disable Recursion or disable forwarder)
By default this option is unchecked telling that recursive property
is present.
BIND Secondaries:
The zone transfers between the primary & secondary (replication between primary and secondary) BIND is responsible.
Fail on load if bad zone data:
This option is unchecked telling that even if the zone contains some errors it will be loaded if it is checked the zone will not be loaded.
Enable Round Robin:
If the same zone is present in the same subnet the query will be passed on round robin passion until it gets resolved.
Enable Net Mask ordering:
This option is utilized for DNS Server maintained on multihome pc (A pc having multiple NIC cards) and solving the queries of diff clients subnets
Secure cache against pollution:
It secures the cache information by not storing the information of unauthorized DNS servers.