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Spring Transaction Management – Complete 2000-Word Guide for Beginners & Developers Building reliable enterprise applications involves more than just writing business logic. When your application interacts with a relational database, one of the biggest challenges is maintaining data correctness . Databases deal with large volumes of critical information, and even a single wrong update can break your entire data structure. This is where Transaction Management becomes extremely important. In simple terms, a transaction is a sequence of operations that act as a single logical unit of work. These operations must follow strict rules to ensure that either everything succeeds or nothing takes effect. Spring Framework, one of the most popular Java frameworks, offers a rich and flexible way to handle transactions in enterprise applications. This article explains Spring Transaction Management in a simple and structured way—covering ACID properties, transaction flow, its implementatio...

Software testing is one of the most important phases in the software development life cycle (SDLC). Whether you are preparing for your first interview or aiming to strengthen your fundamentals, having a strong understanding of testing concepts is crucial. This article covers 40 of the most commonly asked software testing interview questions , with clear explanations and real-world examples. Let’s begin! 1. What is the PDCA Cycle and where does software testing fit? The PDCA (Plan–Do–Check–Act) cycle is a continuous improvement process used in software development: Plan: Define goals, requirements, and strategies. Do: Build the product according to the plan. Check: Evaluate the product through testing. Act: Fix issues and improve the product. Testing belongs to the “Check” phase , where testers ensure the software meets expectations and requirements. 2. Difference between White Box, Black Box, and Gray Box Testing Black Box Testing Depends only on requirem...

SAP (Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing) is one of the most widely used ERP platforms across the world. Job interviews for SAP modules—whether ABAP, BW/BI, Basis, HANA, FICO, MM, SD, or HR—usually include questions on ERP fundamentals, SAP architecture, ABAP programming, BW concepts, reporting techniques, BDC, data dictionary, and real-time scenarios. This complete interview guide compiles all important SAP questions in a structured, rewritten, and easy-to-understand format. It covers conceptual, technical, functional, and advanced topics. Whether you are a fresher or an experienced consultant, these questions help you gain deep clarity before interviews. SECTION 1: BASIC ERP & SAP FUNDAMENTALS 1. What is ERP? Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) refers to integrated software solutions designed to manage an organization’s business processes. ERP systems unify functions like finance, production, HR, logistics, supply chain, and sales into a single platform. ...